Lesson 2: WW1 - 1979
Learning Objective: I can explain the role of Britain, USA, Russia and Germany during WW1 & 2.
WW1
Reza Shah (1925-1941) Pahlavi Dynasty (Persian language spoken before Muslim conquest)
WW2
Why did Iran become more open politically during the occupation?
How did the shah attempt to strengthen his power?
Why did resentment of foreign powers unite Iranians?
What were the results of negotiations between the AIOC and the Iranian government?
WW1
- Occupied by Ottoman Empire, Russia and Great Britain.
- Russia Revolution of 1917 led to the withdrawal of Russian troops from the north...Britain benefited! (OIL)
- Iran welcomed Britain's involvement; financial and institutional support; Anglo-Persian Agreement 1919.
Reza Shah (1925-1941) Pahlavi Dynasty (Persian language spoken before Muslim conquest)
- Wanted to build a more modern state/economy; new roads, railroads, factories, hospitals and ports.
- Looked to reduce power of the Ulama (clergy); public education.
- Legal and economic reforms...?
WW2
- 1939-41 Germany was Iran's primary trading partner.
- Pressure from Britain and Russia resulted in the shah stepping down, succeeded by his son.
- Shah and Majlis power was diminished; Tudeh (masses) party emerged.
Why did Iran become more open politically during the occupation?
- Weak leadership; free press, Majlis elections every two years.
How did the shah attempt to strengthen his power?
Why did resentment of foreign powers unite Iranians?
- Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC)
- 1940s Iran became fourth largest oil exporter, 90% of Europe's supply.
- Poor working conditions...
What were the results of negotiations between the AIOC and the Iranian government?
Why did the shah want to support the Supplemental Agreement with Britain? (Against the will of the Majlis)
Why did the Majlis refuse to support the Supplemental Agreement with Britain?
How did the shah respond to the demands of the National Front? -1951
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How did Britain respond to the nationalization?
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How did the British/Americans overthrow Mossadegh?
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Royal Dictatorship
- Oil contract renegotiated and National Front disbanded.
- Secret police was created to hunt down any shah opponents.
- During the 1950s the United States provided more than $500 million in military aid to the shah.
The White Revolution "Plagued by the West"
How did the shah respond to Khomeini?... SAVAK attack religious leaders..and he attempts to invoke a sense of nationalism. How was this carried out?...party time. Iranians were not happy with this move and discontent grew. |
How did the rising price of oil affect Iran?
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